2016, 2020, and the Rise and Fall of the Blue Wall

An ideological shift, not in the electorate but in Republican party messaging, might explain why the blue wall went red in 2016.

In 2016, President’s electoral win was facilitated by the collapsing of the so-called blue wall. The reliably Democratic states of Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, along with Rust Belt Ohio, swung right and handed Trump 64 electoral votes, an integral step of his path to electoral victory.

At the time, this seemed to have significance beyond the 2016 election. Could this be a geographical shift in the electorate, the creation of a new voting bloc that would greatly bolster the Republican path to electoral college victory?

Fast-forward to 2020 and the answer seems to be, no. While none of the results have been certified, it seems pretty clear that Joe Biden carried Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. With Ohio swinging for Trump, it seems the current president can still number parts of the Rust Belt among his supporters, but the blue wall has returned.

If 2016 wasn’t a geographic shift, how, then, can the election results for that year be understood?